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This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- office_hours:vitamins:start [2026/02/16 01:40] – andrew2393cns
+++ office_hours:vitamins:start [2026/02/16 01:45] (current) – [Understanding Vitamins & Minerals (Office Hours Series)] andrew2393cns
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{ :office_hours:series:vitmains.png?600 |}}
-====== OfficeHours: Vitamins & Minerals ======
-**High-yield clinical review of vitamin/mineral deficiency, toxicity, dosing pearls, and drug–nutrient interactions.**
-<WRAP group>
+====== Understanding Vitamins & Minerals (Office Hours Series) ======
-<WRAP half column>
-===== Vitamins =====
-==== Fat-soluble ====
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:vitamin_a|Vitamin A]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:vitamin_d|Vitamin D]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:vitamin_e|Vitamin E]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:vitamin_k|Vitamin K]]
-==== Water-soluble ====
+This series is about understanding **what micronutrients actually do** before memorizing deficiencies.
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:vitamin_c|Vitamin C]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:b1_thiamine|B1 (Thiamine)]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:b2_riboflavin|B2 (Riboflavin)]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:b3_niacin|B3 (Niacin)]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:b6_pyridoxine|B6 (Pyridoxine)]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:b7_biotin|B7 (Biotin)]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:b9_folate|B9 (Folate)]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:b12_cobalamin|B12 (Cobalamin)]]
+Energy production. DNA synthesis. Oxygen transport. Antioxidant defense. Bone signaling. Coagulation.
+If you understand the function — the deficiency patterns make sense.
+<WRAP center round 90%>
+**Quick Links** \\
+  * [[office_hours:series:start|← Back to Office Hours: Series]]
+  * [[hematology:start|Hematology]]
+  * [[endocrine:start|Endocrine]]
+  * [[gi:start|GI / Malabsorption]]
+  * [[renal:start|Renal]]
 </WRAP>
-<WRAP half column>
+----
-===== Minerals =====
-==== Macrominerals ====
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:calcium|Calcium]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:phosphorus|Phosphorus]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:magnesium|Magnesium]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:potassium|Potassium]]
-==== Trace minerals ====
+===== Series Structure =====
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:iron|Iron]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:zinc|Zinc]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:copper|Copper]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:iodine|Iodine]]
-  * [[officehours:vitamins_minerals:selenium|Selenium]]
+This series progresses in 3 phases:
+  * **Phase 1 — Biochemical Function**
+  * **Phase 2 — Functional Grouping**
+  * **Phase 3 — Clinical Pattern Recognition**
+----
+===== Phase 1 — The Energy & Cofactor Framework =====
+==== Episode 1 — B Vitamins & the Krebs Cycle ====
+<WRAP lecturevideo>
+{{youtube>VIDEO_ID_HERE}}
 </WRAP>
+What you’ll understand:
+  * Why B vitamins are coenzymes
+  * Where B1, B2, B3, B5 fit into oxidative metabolism
+  * Why B6 matters for amino acids
+  * Why B9/B12 are DNA synthesis vitamins
+  * Why deficiency = high-turnover tissue dysfunction
+→ [[office_hours:vitamins_minerals:episode_1|Open Episode 1 Page]]
+----
+===== Phase 2 — Functional Categories =====
+==== Episode 2 — Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K) ====
+  * Vitamin A → gene transcription / vision
+  * Vitamin D → hormone, calcium signaling
+  * Vitamin E → antioxidant membrane protection
+  * Vitamin K → clotting factor activation
+→ [[office_hours:vitamins_minerals:episode_2|Open Episode 2 Page]]
+----
+==== Episode 3 — Minerals: Structure, Signaling & Oxygen Transport ====
+  * Iron → oxygen binding
+  * Cobalt → part of B12
+  * Magnesium → ATP stabilizer
+  * Zinc → transcription factors
+  * Copper → redox enzymes
+  * Iodine → thyroid hormone
+  * Selenium → antioxidant enzymes
+→ [[office_hours:vitamins_minerals:episode_3|Open Episode 3 Page]]
+----
+===== Phase 3 — Clinical Pattern Recognition =====
+==== Episode 4 — Anemia Framework (Iron vs B9 vs B12) ====
+==== Episode 5 — Neuropathy Framework (B12 vs B6 vs Copper) ====
+==== Episode 6 — Bone & Electrolytes (D, Ca, Mg, Phos) ====
+==== Episode 7 — Refeeding & Alcohol Deficiency Patterns ====
+==== Episode 8 — Drug-Induced Deficiencies ====
+→ [[office_hours:vitamins_minerals:clinical|Clinical Episodes Index]]
+----
+===== Functional Map of Vitamins =====
+<WRAP center 95%>
+^ Functional Role ^ Key Nutrients ^ What Fails When Deficient ^
+| Oxidative metabolism (Krebs / ETC) | B1, B2, B3, B5 | Fatigue, neuropathy |
+| DNA synthesis | B9, B12 | Macrocytic anemia |
+| Amino acid metabolism | B6 | Neuropathy, anemia |
+| Antioxidant | Vitamin E, Selenium | Neuromuscular dysfunction |
+| Vision / epithelial health | Vitamin A | Night blindness |
+| Bone / calcium regulation | Vitamin D | Osteomalacia |
+| Clotting activation | Vitamin K | Elevated INR |
 </WRAP>
 ----
-===== High-Yield Quick Tables =====
+===== Mineral Function Overview =====
-==== Deficiency vs Toxicity Snapshot ====
-^ Nutrient ^ Deficiency (hallmarks) ^ Toxicity (hallmarks) ^ Classic triggers / clues ^
-| Vitamin A |  |  |  |
-| Vitamin D |  |  |  |
-| Vitamin K |  |  |  |
-| Thiamine (B1) |  |  |  |
-| Niacin (B3) |  |  |  |
-| Folate (B9) |  |  |  |
-| B12 |  |  |  |
-| Vitamin C |  |  |  |
-| Iron |  |  |  |
-| Magnesium |  |  |  |
-| Zinc |  |  |  |
-| Copper |  |  |  |
-==== Drug–Nutrient Interactions (must-know) ====
+<WRAP center 95%>
-^ Drug/Class ^ Nutrient Effect ^ Clinical Result ^ What to do ^
+^ Mineral ^ Core Role ^ High-Yield Association ^
-| Metformin | ↓ B12 absorption | Neuropathy/macrocytosis | Check B12 in long-term use/symptoms |
+| Iron | Hemoglobin oxygen binding | Microcytic anemia |
-| PPIs/H2 blockers | ↓ B12, ↓ iron absorption | Anemia risk | Reassess need; monitor |
+| Cobalt | Component of B12 | Macrocytic anemia |
-| Orlistat / bile acid resins | ↓ ADEK absorption | Bruising, low D | ADEK supplement; separate dosing |
+| Magnesium | Stabilizes ATP | Refractory hypokalemia |
-| Loop diuretics | ↑ Mg loss | Refractory hypokalemia | Replace Mg first |
+| Zinc | Enzyme/transcription factor | Poor wound healing |
-| Thiazides | ↓ urinary Ca | Hypercalcemia risk | Monitor Ca in at-risk pts |
+| Copper | Iron metabolism, myelin | Myelopathy |
+| Iodine | Thyroid hormone | Hypothyroidism |
+| Selenium | Glutathione peroxidase | Cardiomyopathy (rare) |
+</WRAP>
 ----
-<WRAP center round box 80%>
+===== Deficiency & Toxicity Snapshot =====
-**Suggested build order (highest yield first):** Vitamin D → B12 → Iron → Magnesium → Folate → Thiamine → Vitamin K → Zinc/Copper
+<WRAP center 95%>
+^ Nutrient ^ Classic Deficiency Pattern ^ Common Causes ^ Toxicity Risk ^
+| B1 | Wernicke / neuropathy | Alcohol | Rare |
+| B3 | Pellagra (3 D's) | Malnutrition | Flushing (high dose) |
+| B9 | Macrocytosis | Pregnancy, meds | Masks B12 |
+| B12 | Macrocytosis + neuropathy | Metformin, vegan | Rare |
+| Vitamin D | Bone pain | Low sun, CKD | Hypercalcemia |
+| Vitamin K | Easy bruising | Antibiotics | Rare |
+| Iron | Microcytosis | Bleeding | Overload (hemochromatosis) |
+| Magnesium | Tetany, low K | Diuretics | Diarrhea |
 </WRAP>
+----
+<WRAP center round tip 90%>
+Deficiency patterns reflect function.
+High-turnover tissue (bone marrow, GI tract, nervous system) fails first.
+</WRAP>
+----
+===== Related =====
+  * [[office_hours:series:start|Office Hours: Series]]
+  * [[office_hours:start|Office Hours Home]]
+  * [[lectures:start|Full Lecture Series]]
+  * [[start|PharmAtlas Home]]