Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- endocrine:start [2026/02/13 14:09] – andrew2393cns
+++ endocrine:start [2026/02/14 18:35] (current) – [Bone & Mineral Metabolism] andrew2393cns
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
   * [[endocrine:diabetes:start|Diabetes Pharmacology]]
-==== 1. Hypoglycemics (Increase Insulin Effect) ====
+----
-These agents increase insulin levels and carry hypoglycemia risk.
-[[endocrine:insulin:start|Insulin Therapy]]
-Rapid-Acting (Prandial)
-  * [[endocrine:insulin:lispro|Lispro]] (Humalog®, Admelog®)
-  * [[endocrine:insulin:aspart|Aspart]] (Novolog®, Fiasp®)
-  * [[endocrine:insulin:glulisine|Glulisine]] (Apidra®)
-Short-Acting
-  * [[endocrine:insulin:regular|Regular Insulin]] (Humulin R®, Novolin R®)
-Intermediate-Acting
-  * [[endocrine:insulin:nph|NPH]] (Humulin N®, Novolin N®)
-Long-Acting (Basal)
-  * [[endocrine:insulin:glargine|Glargine]] (Lantus®, Basaglar®, Toujeo®)
-  * [[endocrine:insulin:detemir|Detemir]] (Levemir®)
-Ultra-Long Acting
-  * [[endocrine:insulin:degludec|Degludec]] (Tresiba®)
-[[endocrine:sulfonylureas:start|Sulfonylureas]]
-  * [[endocrine:sulfonylureas:glipizide|Glipizide]] (Glucotrol®)
-  * [[endocrine:sulfonylureas:glyburide|Glyburide]] (Diabeta®, Glynase®)
-  * [[endocrine:sulfonylureas:glimepiride|Glimepiride]] (Amaryl®)
-[[endocrine:meglitinides:start|Meglitinides]]
-  * [[endocrine:meglitinides:repaglinide|Repaglinide]] (Prandin®)
-  * [[endocrine:meglitinides:nateglinide|Nateglinide]] (Starlix®)
-==== 2. Anti-Hyperglycemics (Low Hypoglycemia Risk) ====
-These agents improve glycemia without directly increasing insulin secretion.
-[[endocrine:biguanides:metformin|Biguanides]]
-  * [[endocrine:biguanides:metformin|Metformin]] (Glucophage®)
-[[endocrine:tzds:start|Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)]]
-  * [[endocrine:tzds:pioglitazone|Pioglitazone]] (Actos®)
-  * [[endocrine:tzds:rosiglitazone|Rosiglitazone]] (Avandia®)
-[[endocrine:glp1:start|GLP-1 Receptor Agonists]]
-  * [[endocrine:glp1:exenatide|Exenatide]] (Byetta®, Bydureon®)
-  * [[endocrine:glp1:liraglutide|Liraglutide]] (Victoza®, Saxenda®)
-  * [[endocrine:glp1:dulaglutide|Dulaglutide]] (Trulicity®)
-  * [[endocrine:glp1:semaglutide|Semaglutide]] (Ozempic®, Wegovy®, Rybelsus®)
-[[endocrine:glp1_gip:dual_glp-1_gip_incretin_agonists|Dual GLP-1/GIP Incretin Agonists]]
-  * [[endocrine:incretin:tirzepatide|Tirzepatide]] (Mounjaro®, Zepbound®)
-[[endocrine:glp1_gip_gra:triple_incretin_agonists|Triple Incretin Agonists]]
-  * [[endocrine:endocrine:glp1_gip_gra:triple_incretin_agonists:retatrutide|Retatrutide]] (Investigational)
-[[endocrine:sglt2:start|SGLT2 Inhibitors]]
-  * [[endocrine:sglt2:dapagliflozin|Dapagliflozin]] (Farxiga®)
-  * [[endocrine:sglt2:empagliflozin|Empagliflozin]] (Jardiance®)
-  * [[endocrine:sglt2:sotagliflozin|Sotagliflozin]] (Inpefa®)
 ===== Thyroid =====
   * [[endocrine:thyroid:start|Thyroid Pharmacology]]
-==== Thyroid Hormone Replacement ====
-  * [[endocrine:thyroid:levothyroxine|Levothyroxine]] (Synthroid®, Levoxyl®)
-  * [[endocrine:thyroid:liothyronine|Liothyronine]] (Cytomel®)
-  * [[endocrine:thyroid:liotrix|Liotrix]] (Thyrolar®)
-==== Antithyroid Drugs ====
-  * [[endocrine:thyroid:methimazole|Methimazole]] (Tapazole®)
-  * [[endocrine:thyroid:propylthiouracil|Propylthiouracil (PTU)]]
-==== Iodine Therapy ====
-  * [[endocrine:thyroid:iodine|Iodine Therapy]]
-==== Symptom Control in Hyperthyroidism ====
-[[cardio:beta_blockers:start|Beta-Blockers]]
-  * [[cardio:beta_blockers:propranolol|Propranolol]]
-  * [[cardio:beta_blockers:atenolol|Atenolol]]
-  * [[cardio:beta_blockers:metoprolol|Metoprolol]]
 --------------------------------------------------------------------
 ===== Adrenal =====
   * [[endocrine:adrenal:start|Adrenal Pharmacology]]
-[[endocrine:glucocorticoids:start|Glucocorticoids]]
-  * Prednisone (Deltasone®)
-  * Hydrocortisone (Cortef®)
-  * Dexamethasone (Decadron®)
-[[endocrine:mineralocorticoids:start|Mineralocorticoids]]
-  * Fludrocortisone (Florinef®)
-[[endocrine:adrenal:steroid_synthesis_inhibitors|Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors]]
-  * Ketoconazole
-  * Metyrapone
 --------------------------------------------------------------------
 ===== Pituitary =====
   * [[endocrine:pituitary:start|Pituitary Pharmacology]]
-[[endocrine:dopamine_agonists:start|Dopamine Agonists]]
-  * Cabergoline (Dostinex®)
-  * Bromocriptine (Parlodel®)
-[[endocrine:somatostatin:start|Somatostatin Analogs]]
-  * Octreotide (Sandostatin®)
-  * Lanreotide (Somatuline®)
-[[endocrine:growth_hormone:start|Growth Hormone Therapies]]
-[[endocrine:vasopressin:start|Vasopressin & Analogues]]
-  * Desmopressin (DDAVP®)
 --------------------------------------------------------------------
 ===== Reproductive Endocrinology =====
   * [[endocrine:reproductive:start|Reproductive Pharmacology]]
-[[endocrine:estrogen:start|Estrogen Therapy]]
-[[endocrine:progestin:start|Progesterone Therapy]]
-[[endocrine:contraception:start|Hormonal Contraception]]
-[[endocrine:serm:start|Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)]]
-  * Tamoxifen (Nolvadex®)
-  * Raloxifene (Evista®)
-[[endocrine:antiandrogens:start|Antiandrogens]]
-  * Spironolactone (Aldactone®)
-  * Finasteride (Proscar®, Propecia®)
 --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ Line 184: / Line 38: @@
   * [[endocrine:bone:start|Bone & Mineral Pharmacology]]
-==== Anti-Resorptive Agents ====
-[[endocrine:bone:bisphosphonates|Bisphosphonates]]
-Oral:
-  * [[endocrine:bone:alendronate|Alendronate]] (Fosamax®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:risedronate|Risedronate]] (Actonel®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:ibandronate|Ibandronate]] (Boniva®)
-IV:
-  * [[endocrine:bone:zoledronic_acid|Zoledronic Acid]] (Reclast®, Zometa®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:pamidronate|Pamidronate]] (Aredia®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:ibandronate|Ibandronate IV]]
-[[endocrine:bone:rankl_inhibitors|RANKL Inhibitors]]
-  * [[endocrine:bone:denosumab|Denosumab]] (Prolia®, Xgeva®)
-[[endocrine:serm:start|Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)]]
-  * [[endocrine:serm:raloxifene|Raloxifene]] (Evista®)
-[[endocrine:calcitonin|Calcitonin]]
-  * [[endocrine:calcitonin:salmon_calcitonin|Salmon Calcitonin]] (Miacalcin®)
-==== Anabolic / Bone-Forming Agents ====
-[[endocrine:bone:pth_analogs|Parathyroid Hormone Analogs]]
-  * [[endocrine:bone:teriparatide|Teriparatide]] (Forteo®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:abaloparatide|Abaloparatide]] (Tymlos®)
-[[endocrine:bone:sclerostin_inhibitors|Sclerostin Inhibitors]]
-  * [[endocrine:bone:romosozumab|Romosozumab]] (Evenity®)
-==== Vitamin D & Calcium Axis ====
-[[endocrine:bone:vitamin_d|Vitamin D & Analogs]]
-Nutritional:
-  * [[endocrine:bone:cholecalciferol|Cholecalciferol]] (Vitamin D3)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:ergocalciferol|Ergocalciferol]] (Vitamin D2)
-Active Forms:
-  * [[endocrine:bone:calcitriol|Calcitriol]] (Rocaltrol®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:paricalcitol|Paricalcitol]] (Zemplar®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:doxercalciferol|Doxercalciferol]] (Hectorol®)
-===== Calcium Supplements =====
-  * [[endocrine:bone:calcium_carbonate|Calcium Carbonate]]
-  * [[endocrine:bone:calcium_citrate|Calcium Citrate]]
-==== Hyperparathyroidism / CKD-MBD ====
-[[endocrine:bone:calcimimetics|Calcimimetics]]
-  * [[endocrine:bone:cinacalcet|Cinacalcet]] (Sensipar®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:etelcalcetide|Etelcalcetide]] (Parsabiv®)
-===== Phosphate Binders =====
-Calcium-based:
-  * [[endocrine:bone:calcium_acetate|Calcium Acetate]]
-  * [[endocrine:bone:calcium_carbonate|Calcium Carbonate]]
-Non-calcium:
-  * [[endocrine:bone:sevelamer|Sevelamer]] (Renvela®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:lanthanum|Lanthanum]] (Fosrenol®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:sucroferric_oxyhydroxide|Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide]] (Velphoro®)
-  * [[endocrine:bone:ferric_citrate|Ferric Citrate]] (Auryxia®)
-==== FGF23 Pathway ====
-  * [[endocrine:bone:burosumab|Burosumab]] (Crysvita®)
-===== Clinical Groupings =====
-Osteoporosis:
-  * Bisphosphonates
-  * Denosumab
-  * Teriparatide / Abaloparatide
-  * Romosozumab
-  * Raloxifene
-CKD–Mineral Bone Disease:
-  * Vitamin D analogs
-  * Calcimimetics
-  * Phosphate binders
-Hypercalcemia:
-  * IV Bisphosphonates
-  * Denosumab
-  * Calcitonin
-Paget Disease:
-  * Bisphosphonates
 ----
-Related:
+==== Related: ====
   * [[endocrine:adrenal:start|Adrenal Pharmacology]]
   * [[cardio:intro:start|Cardiovascular Pharmacology]]