Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- endocrine:diabetes:start [2026/02/13 00:44] – created andrew2393cns
+++ endocrine:diabetes:start [2026/02/13 17:02] (current) – [1. Hypoglycemics (Increase Insulin Effect)] andrew2393cns
@@ Line 160: / Line 160: @@
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-===== Pharmacologic Strategy =====
+===== Pharmacology of Diabetes =====
+==== 1. Hypoglycemics (Increase Insulin Effect) ====
+These agents increase insulin levels and carry hypoglycemia risk.
+[[endocrine:insulin:start|Insulin Therapy]]
-Therapy targets different failures in the system.
+Rapid-Acting (Prandial)
-==== Improve Insulin Sensitivity ====
+  * [[endocrine:insulin:lispro|Lispro]] (Humalog®, Admelog®)
+  * [[endocrine:insulin:aspart|Aspart]] (Novolog®, Fiasp®)
+  * [[endocrine:insulin:glulisine|Glulisine]] (Apidra®)
-  * [[endocrine:biguanides:metformin|Metformin]]
+Short-Acting
-  * [[endocrine:tzds:start|Thiazolidinediones]]
-----
+  * [[endocrine:insulin:regular|Regular Insulin]] (Humulin R®, Novolin R®)
-==== Increase Insulin Secretion ====
+Intermediate-Acting
-  * [[endocrine:sulfonylureas:start|Sulfonylureas]]
+  * [[endocrine:insulin:nph|NPH]] (Humulin N®, Novolin N®)
-  * [[endocrine:meglitinides:start|Meglitinides]]
-  * [[endocrine:insulin:start|Insulin Therapy]]
-----
+Long-Acting (Basal)
-==== Amplify Incretin Pathways ====
+  * [[endocrine:insulin:glargine|Glargine]] (Lantus®, Basaglar®, Toujeo®)
+  * [[endocrine:insulin:detemir|Detemir]] (Levemir®)
-  * [[endocrine:glp1:start|GLP-1 Receptor Agonists]]
+Ultra-Long Acting
-  * [[endocrine:glp1_gip:dual_glp-1_gip_incretin_agonists|Dual Incretin Agonists]]
-  * [[endocrine:glp1_gip_gra:triple_incretin_agonists|Triple Incretin Agonists]]
-----
+  * [[endocrine:insulin:degludec|Degludec]] (Tresiba®)
-==== Block Renal Glucose Reabsorption ====
-  * [[endocrine:sglt2:start|SGLT2 Inhibitors]]
+[[endocrine:sulfonylureas:start|Sulfonylureas]]
+  * [[endocrine:sulfonylureas:glipizide|Glipizide]] (Glucotrol®)
+  * [[endocrine:sulfonylureas:glyburide|Glyburide]] (Diabeta®, Glynase®)
+  * [[endocrine:sulfonylureas:glimepiride|Glimepiride]] (Amaryl®)
+[[endocrine:meglitinides:start|Meglitinides]]
+  * [[endocrine:meglitinides:repaglinide|Repaglinide]] (Prandin®)
+  * [[endocrine:meglitinides:nateglinide|Nateglinide]] (Starlix®)
+==== 2. Anti-Hyperglycemics (Low Hypoglycemia Risk) ====
+These agents improve glycemia without directly increasing insulin secretion.
+[[endocrine:biguanides:metformin|Biguanides]]
+  * [[endocrine:biguanides:metformin|Metformin]] (Glucophage®)
+[[endocrine:tzds:start|Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)]]
+  * [[endocrine:tzds:pioglitazone|Pioglitazone]] (Actos®)
+  * [[endocrine:tzds:rosiglitazone|Rosiglitazone]] (Avandia®)
+[[endocrine:glp1:start|GLP-1 Receptor Agonists]]
+  * [[endocrine:glp1:exenatide|Exenatide]] (Byetta®, Bydureon®)
+  * [[endocrine:glp1:liraglutide|Liraglutide]] (Victoza®, Saxenda®)
+  * [[endocrine:glp1:dulaglutide|Dulaglutide]] (Trulicity®)
+  * [[endocrine:glp1:semaglutide|Semaglutide]] (Ozempic®, Wegovy®, Rybelsus®)
+[[endocrine:glp1_gip:dual_glp-1_gip_incretin_agonists|Dual GLP-1/GIP Incretin Agonists]]
+  * [[endocrine:incretin:tirzepatide|Tirzepatide]] (Mounjaro®, Zepbound®)
+[[endocrine:glp1_gip_gra:triple_incretin_agonists|Triple Incretin Agonists]]
+  * [[endocrine:endocrine:glp1_gip_gra:triple_incretin_agonists:retatrutide|Retatrutide]] (Investigational)
+[[endocrine:sglt2:start|SGLT2 Inhibitors]]
+  * [[endocrine:sglt2:dapagliflozin|Dapagliflozin]] (Farxiga®)
+  * [[endocrine:sglt2:empagliflozin|Empagliflozin]] (Jardiance®)
+  * [[endocrine:sglt2:sotagliflozin|Sotagliflozin]] (Inpefa®)
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