Differences

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--- cardio:beta_blockers:start [2026/02/12 23:29] – andrew2393cns
+++ cardio:beta_blockers:start [2026/02/12 23:47] (current) – [Mechanism of Action] andrew2393cns
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 • Some also block β2
 • Some provide additional vasodilation (α1 or NO-mediated)
+Reference: [[autonomics:start|Autonomic Receptors]]
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@@ Line 107: / Line 109: @@
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+===== Beta-Blocker Comparison Table =====
+^ Drug ^ Generation ^ Beta-1 Selective ^ Alpha-1 / Vasodilation ^ Lipophilic vs Hydrophilic ^ HFrEF Mortality Benefit ^ Common Uses ^
+|[[cardio:beta_blockers:propranolol|Propranolol]] | 1st | No | No | Lipophilic | No | Migraine, tremor, portal HTN |
+| [[cardio:beta_blockers:sotalol|Sotalol]] | 1st | No | No | Hydrophilic | No | AF, ventricular arrhythmias |
+|[[cardio:beta_blockers:metoprolol|Metoprolol]] | 2nd | Yes | No | Lipophilic | Only Succinate | HTN, CAD, AF |
+|[[cardio:beta_blockers:bisoprolol|Bisoprolol]] | 2nd | Yes | No | Moderate | Yes | HFrEF, HTN |
+|[[cardio:beta_blockers:atenolol|Atenolol]] | 2nd | Yes | No | Hydrophilic | No | HTN (historical) |
+|[[cardio:beta_blockers:esmolol|Esmolol]] | 2nd | Yes | No | Hydrophilic | No | ICU rate control |
+|[[cardio:beta_blockers:carvedilol|Carvedilol]] | 3rd | No | Yes (alpha-1) | Lipophilic | Yes | HFrEF, HTN |
+|[[cardio:beta_blockers:labetalol|Labetalol]] | 3rd | No | Yes (alpha-1) | Moderate | No | HTN emergency, pregnancy |
+|[[cardio:beta_blockers:nebivolol|Nebivolol]] | 3rd | Yes | Nitric Oxide-Mediated | Lipophilic | No | HTN |
 ===== Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity (ISA) =====
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 • ★ [[cardio:beta_blockers:carvedilol|Carvedilol]]
-• ★ [[cardio:beta_blockers:metoprolol_succinate|Metoprolol Succinate]]
+• ★ [[cardio:beta_blockers:metoprolol|Metoprolol Succinate]]
 • ★ [[cardio:beta_blockers:bisoprolol|Bisoprolol]]
@@ Line 186: / Line 200: @@
 ✔ Only certain agents reduce mortality in HFrEF
 ✔ 1st gen = nonselective
 ✔ 2nd gen = β1 selective
 ✔ 3rd gen = vasodilating
 ✔ Avoid abrupt discontinuation (rebound tachycardia)
 ✔ Not first-line for uncomplicated hypertension